Abstract: As ship construction is a large-scale, complex and problematic process, it lacks systematic research into how construction quality influences ship reliability. Aiming at the purpose of predicting and controlling ship reliability, this paper proposes a Function-Oriented Quality Control(FOQC) method to manage a ship's overall functions under modern ship-building conditions. Based on the system reliability theory, a reliability prediction model for ship construction composed of such factors as ship function, quality parameters and building process is proposed. We establish a quality-function reliability model and a process-quality model to both qualitatively and quantitatively calculate the impact of construction quality on ship reliability. According to the results, the control of key quality factors and processes can be implemented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the FOQC method are validated by a case involving the shafting installation of a ship.