Abstract: Objectives This study aims to characterize the fluid-induced excitation forces acting on piping structures driven by centrifugal pumps and other power equipment, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the vibration control of pump-source piping systems. Methods To address the current insufficiency of research on fluid-induced vibration excitation forces in pump-driven piping, this paper investigates the spectral characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of fluid-induced excitation forces in a pump-driven straight pipe system. This study relies on dynamic numerical models and measured vibration response data of the piping, utilizing a distributed fluid-induced load identification method. Results The findings indicate that the fluid-induced excitation forces exhibit significant broadband and line spectrum characteristics. Conclusions The energy attenuation of fluid-induced excitation forces during axial transmission along the pipeline is not obvious, and their attenuation rate with increasing frequency is significantly faster than that of the flow field's fluctuating pressure. The line spectrum characteristics in the frequency spectrum of the fluid-induced excitation forces are primarily induced by the acoustic cavity modes of the pipeline fluid and the blade passing frequency of the centrifugal pump. The separation of coherent and incoherent components of the fluid-induced excitation forces, based on the coherence analysis method, demonstrates that the fluid-induced excitation forces within the pipe are dominated by spatially highly coherent acoustic source pressure waves, and energy attenuation occurs during the transmission process where acoustic waves are converted into transverse fluid-induced excitation forces.