Abstract: Objective To reduce the damage range of traditional spliced composite armor, a novel composite armor structure composed of titanium alloy faceplate, silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminate, and integrated titanium alloy lattice and back plate is proposed. And we employ optimal design of the structure to achieve the enhancement of the ballistic resistance and weight reduction. Method Comparative study on the ballistic resistance of the novel composite armor is conducted by numerical methods. The surrogate model with good accuracy is established to rapidly predict the ballistic performance of the composite armor, and correlation analysis is carried out between structural parameters and residual velocity as well as areal density. The structural parameters of the composite armor are optimized based on the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm. Results The results showed that, compared with traditional spliced composite armor, the new composite armor reduces the residual velocity of the projectile by 11.7% and the damage range by 60.9% due to the presence of the integrated titanium alloy lattice and back plate. The damage range is confined to the inside of the grill, while the structural integrity for the rest of the area is better. The anti-penetration performance of the areas with weak protection located at the splices is improved. The residual velocity of the projectile has the strongest correlation with the thickness of the UHMWPE laminate and the weakest correlation with the thickness of the titanium alloy backplate. The optimized structural design scheme is as follows: the thickness of SiC ceramic is 4.25 mm, the thickness of UHMWPE laminate thickness is 10.65 mm, and the thickness of titanium alloy backplate thickness is 0.52 mm. After optimization, the residual velocity of the projectile is reduced by 21.0%, and the areal density is reduced by 5.3%. Conclusion Compared with the traditional spliced composite armor, the novel composite armor structure exhibits better anti-penetration performance. The method for structural optimization design of composite armor based on the SVR surrogate model and NSGA-II algorithm is effective and feasible. The research results provide new theoretical and practical references for the structural design and optimal design of composite armor.