双锥头航行体并联高速垂直入水数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation study on parallel high-speed vertical water entry of cone-shaped double vehicles

  • 摘要: 【目的】多航行体的跨介质“集群”突防越来越受到各国研究学者的重点关注,为了探究双航行体在高速入水时的载荷特性以及水动力干涉现象,本研究对锥头型双体航行体高速入水过程进行数值模拟研究。【方法】本文基于计算流体力学软件Star CCM+构建计算模型,采用基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程的Realizable k-ε湍流模型结合重叠网格法预报多体结构物与复杂流动的相互作用,并采用流体体积方法捕捉空泡演化特性以及Schnerr-Sauer 空化模型考虑水的相变行为。基于该数值模型,探究了在不同的间距条件下(d)并行双航行体入水过程中空腔形态演化、头部压力载荷以及运动轨迹等流场动力学特性的影响。【结果】研究结果揭示,当航行体接触表面时,不同间距下的航行体载荷和头部砰击压力剧增并瞬间达到最大值,随后迅速降低。间距d = 0.8D时的最大砰击载荷相比d = 1.6D时增加超过20%,相应头部的最大砰击压力有略微增加,D为航行体直径。而当d≥1.6D时,间距对航行体的最大载荷和压力几乎没有影响。入水过程中,双航行体头部内外两侧的压力分布会出现两侧不平衡现象。间距越小,这种相互影响就越显著,两侧的载荷差异也越大。空腔形态在外侧自由发展,而内侧则受到干扰而有一定限制,这导致航行体尾部向内倾斜,产生尾拍现象。然而,随着间距的增加,双航行体内部空腔的发展和演化趋势会平缓。【结论】当双航行体并联结构入水时,空腔发展趋势增大,同时受到相邻弹体的干扰程度与两者之间的距离紧密相关,本文数值模拟研究对双航行体并联高速垂直入水载荷评估具有一定的工程指导意义。

     

    Abstract: Objectives The cross-medium "swarm" penetration of multiple vehicles has increasingly drawn significant attention from researchers worldwide. To investigate the mutual interference phenomena between two vehicles during high-speed water entry, numerical simulation is performed to analyze the high-speed water entry process of two parallel cone-shaped vehicles under varying spacing conditions. Methods The present numerical model is based on the software of Star CCM+. The turbulence calculations were performed using the Realizable k-ε turbulence model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase flow technique was employed to model multiple fluids (air, water, and water vapor) within the same continuous medium to capture the motion of free surfaces. The Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model was employed to calculate the vapor volume fraction of water vapor to account for the phase change between water vapor and liquid. Additionally, the overset grid technology was applied to track the motion of the cylindrical projectile. The study explores the hydrodynamic characteristics, including the evolution of cavity shape, the pressure load on the head, and the motion trajectory of two parallel vehicles during water entry under different spacings (d) between two vehicles. Results When the vehicle comes into contact with the surface, the load on the vehicle and the impulsive pressure on the head increase dramatically and reach their maximum instantaneously under different spacings, then they quickly decrease. At a spacing of (d = 0.8D), the maximum impact load is more than 20% greater than that at (d = 1.6D), and the corresponding maximum impact pressure on the head has a slight increase, where (D) is the diameter of the vehicle. However, when ( d≥1.6D ), the spacing has almost no effect on the maximum load and pressure on the vehicle. During the water entry process, the pressure distribution on the inner and outer sides of the heads of the dual-body vehicles becomes unbalanced. The smaller the spacing, the more significant this mutual influence becomes, leading to greater load differences between the two sides. The cavity shape develops freely on the outer side but is restricted on the inner side due to interference. Consequently, the tail of the vehicle is tilted inward and produce a tail slap phenomenon. However, as the spacing increases, the development and evolution trends of the internal cavities of the dual-body vehicles become more gradual. Conclusions When the dual-body vehicle structure enters the water in parallel, the trend of cavity development increases. The degree of interference from adjacent projectiles is closely related to the distance between them. The present numerical study provides certain engineering guidance for the load assessment of dual-body vehicles during high-speed vertical water entry.

     

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