钮扣式金属分流条直流击穿特性及电离能力对比

Comparison of DC Breakdown Characteristics and Ionization Capability of Button-type Metal Diverter Strips

  • 摘要: 【目的】为改善纽扣式金属分流条在水面舰船天线罩雷电防护上的应用效果,需研究其在雷电先导临近环境下的电离特性。【方法】通过不同钮扣间隙距离、钮扣形状、分流条长度的直流击穿电压试验,分析了不同钮扣式分流条的电离能力,相应开展了分流条静电场分布计算。【结果】试验结果表明,随分流条长度的增加,钮扣式金属分流条击穿电压存在“饱和效应”;分流条长度相同时,金属钮扣间隔距离越大,击穿电压越高;椭圆形钮扣式分流条击穿电压最低,为圆形钮扣式的77%;矩形金属钮扣式分流条的电离能力稍弱于椭圆形的,其击穿电压为圆形钮扣式的86%。静电场分布计算发现,钮扣式分流条间隙电场强度分布呈两端高、中间低的特点;钮扣间隙距离越小,其两端间隙的电场强度越大;与圆形和矩形钮扣分流条相比,椭圆形钮扣分流条两端电场强度最大;分流条两端间隙之间的电场强度随分流条长度的增加而非线性减小。计算结果阐释了试验中击穿电压因纽扣形状和规格变化而变化的现象。【结论】本文结果为分流条的外形设计提供了新认识,也为未来天线罩的雷电防护技术改进和优化提供了新思路。

     

    Abstract: Objectives In order to improve the application effect of button-type metal diverter strips for ship-radome lightning protection, their ionization characteristics need to be investigated in an environment in the vicinity of coming lightning leaders. Methods Here we report the experimental results of DC breakdown voltage of button-type diverter strips with various button spacings, button shapes, and diverter strip lengths, to compare their ionization capability. Accordingly, we carried out a calculation of the electrostatic field distribution for corresponding strips. Results Our experimental results show that, with the increase of diverter strip length, the breakdown voltage of diverter strip has a saturation effect, and that, with a fixed length of diverter strip, a larger spacing between metal buttons results in the higher breakdown voltage. Moreover, the breakdown voltage of elliptical-button diverter strip is the lowest, roughly 77% of circular-button ones. Furthermore, the breakdown voltage of rectangular-button diverter strips is about 86% of that for circular-button diverter strips. Our electrostatic field calculations suggest that the electric field intensity distribution of button-type diverter strip is relatively high at both ends and low in the middle, and that the smaller spacing between buttons, the greater electric field strength of the gap at both ends. Compared with the circular-and rectangular-button diverter strip, the electric field intensity at both ends of the elliptical-button diverter strip is the largest. The strength of electric field between the two ends of the diverter strip gap decreases nonlinearly with the increase of the length of diverter strip, thus explaining the phenomenon that the breakdown voltage varies in the experiment due to variation in the shape and specification of the buttons. Conclusions Results here provide a basis for the optimization of button-type metal shunt strips, thereby opening doors to enhancement of lightning protection effects for radomes.

     

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