大跨度复合材料机库门抗核爆冲击设计及等效试验

Long-span composite hangar door design and equivalent test of nuclear explosion impact

  • 摘要:
      目的  针对大型水面舰艇机库门轻量化的迫切需求,以抵抗核爆冲击波载荷作用为背景进行结构优化设计,并对局部模型进行抗核爆冲击波等效试验验证研究。
      方法  从核爆冲击波下门体的受力特性出发,同时利用纤维增强复合材料质量轻、强度高的特点,主体以格栅式夹芯复合材料为轻量化承载结构,采用纤维桩、燕尾槽作为复合材料与钢构件之间的连接,完成大跨度复合材料机库门方案设计。在此基础上将冲击波载荷等效为静载荷,针对6 m跨度的大尺寸复合材料局部模型进行实验方案设计,并完成大载荷的等效承载实验。
      结果  结果显示,复合材料轻量化方案相较于钢质结构方案减重可达30%以上,同时仿真分析及等效实验结果表明,大跨度复合材料门体具备抵抗相应标准要求下的核爆冲击载荷作用的能力。
      结论  所研究的大跨度复合材料门体具有减重效果明显、承载能力强等特点,该方案是一种可行的大型水面舰用机库门轻量化方案。大跨度复合材料机库门原理样件的等效承载实验方法及实验结果,对后续大尺度复合材料上舰应用具有一定的参考价值。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives   Aiming at the urgent demand for lightweight hangar doors for warships, structural optimization design is carried out in the context of resisting the load of a nuclear explosion shockwave. At the same time, an equivalent test of the principle prototype is carried out to verify its resistance to a nuclear explosion shockwave.
      Methods  Based on the stress characteristics of the door body under a nuclear explosion shockwave, and taking advantage of the light weight and high strength of fiber-reinforced composites, a grid sandwich composite is used as the main lightweight bearing structure, and a fiber pile and dovetail groove are used as the steel-concrete connection structure, thus completing the scheme of the long-span composite door body. On this basis, the shockwave load is equivalent to the static load. According to the principle prototype of large-scale composite materials with a span of 6 meters, the experimental scheme and experimental tooling are designed, and the equivalent full load bearing experiment is completed.
      Results  The results show that the composite lightweight scheme can reduce the weight by more than 30% compared with the steel structure scheme. At the same time, the simulation analysis and equivalent experimental results show that the long-span composite door body has the ability to resist the impact load of a nuclear explosion while meeting the requirements of the corresponding standards.
      Conclusions  The long-span composite door body proposed herein has the characteristics of an obvious weight reduction effect and strong bearing capacity, making it a feasible lightweight scheme for hangar doors (for warships). The equivalent bearing experimental method and experimental results of the principle prototype long-span composite door body have certain reference value for the subsequent application of large-scale composite materials on ships.

     

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