冰阻塞诱导的连体涡空泡及其发生机理分析

Analysis on the mechanisms of propeller-hull vortex cavitation induced in ice block environments

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  连体涡空泡会导致螺旋桨诱导船体激振力急剧上升。因破冰船螺旋桨的负荷通常较大，再加之浮冰阻塞的复杂影响，发生连体涡空泡的风险较高，需要对其作用机理予以探索性的分析。
      方法  在大型空泡水筒中开展机理性试验，并结合数值模拟手段，引入“皮鲁埃特效应”对连体涡空泡周围的流场进行详细研究。
      结果  结果显示：当冰模型下端面至螺旋桨轴中心的距离H为桨模型直径D的0.25倍时，调节冰模型与螺旋桨的轴向位置可以诱发连体涡空泡；当H=0.5D时，连体涡空泡始终未发生。
      结论  分析表明，较强的水动力相互作用、涡系结构以及“皮鲁埃特效应”是冰阻塞作用下螺旋桨连体涡空泡形成的机理。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  The propeller-hull vortex cavitation (PHVC) can lead to a sharp rise in propeller induced exciting forces. For ships in ice fields, the load on propellers is always high, and with the ice block effect taken into account, there are risks of PHVC occurrences. So, a preliminary analysis of the mechanism of the PHVC is deemed necessary.
      Methods  A test was specially setup and carried out in the large cavitation tunnel. Through simulation, a Pirouette effect was introduced and a detailed analysis was done through the hydrodynamic aspect.
      Results  When the distance H from lower edge of the ice model to centerline of the propeller shaft is 0.25 times of the propeller diameter D, the PHVC occurred by adjusting the relative axial position of the ice model and propeller, but at H=0.5D, the PHVC did not occur from beginning to the end.
      Conclusions  Analyses show that, the common mechanism of the propeller hull being conducted at high hydrodynamic interactions will cause vortex cavitation and the continual action of a Pirouette effect.

     

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