基于分形强化学习算法的六自由度自适应波浪补偿栈桥的应用研究

Application Research on a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Adaptive Wave Compensation Trestle Based on the Fractal Reinforcement Learning Algorithm

  • 摘要: 【目的】随着我国海上风电向深远海快速推进,浪高2.5~3.5 m 的高海况成为制约运维作业的核心瓶颈。传统波浪补偿栈桥因波浪预测精度低、补偿响应滞后、缺乏针对性控制策略,导致船舶与风机平台相对运动抵消不足,人员登乘安全风险高、海况窗口利用率仅26.0 %。本研究通过分形强化学习(FRL)自适应算法与六自由度液压栈桥系统,破解了上述难题。【方法】以广东某深远海风电场为研究载体,首先基于该风电场3年实测海况数据,构建了融合波浪分形自相似性与DDPG连续控制的FRL自适应补偿算法;设计了集成前馈-反馈双模控制的六自由度液压栈桥系统;最后通过该风电场6 个月(覆盖台风季与冬季)的全尺度现场实验,结合消融实验与统计显著性检验,验证系统性能,并开展经济效益评估。【结果】高海况(浪高 2.5~3.5 m,风速 15~25 m/s)下,系统补偿偏差稳定< 0.5 m,响应时间0.08~0.09 s;人员登乘零事故,海况窗口利用率提升至81.0 %(较传统提升9.1 倍),人员转运效率达31 人次/天(较传统提升3.4 倍);5年静态 ROI 达338.1 %,投资回收期0.98 年。消融实验经t检验表明,分形插值模块与强化学习模块对补偿精度的提升具有统计显著性。【结论】该方案实现算法精度、系统可靠性与经济性深度统一,构建“算法-系统-验证-效益”一体化架构,通过分形插值、强化学习及前馈-反馈双模控制形成闭环优化。经6个月台风季实测与5年量化分析,为深远海风电运维提供高鲁棒性技术支撑,对海工装备自适应控制等复杂海洋工程具普适参考价值,提供可复制的设计框架与验证范式。

     

    Abstract: Objectives As China's offshore wind energy development advances into ultra-deep and remote offshore zones, severe maritime conditions (wave heights: 2.5–3.5 m) have emerged as critical operational and maintenance (O&M) constraints. Conventional wave compensation trestles exhibit limitations in prediction accuracy, response latency, and control strategy efficacy. These deficiencies compromise vessel-platform motion mitigation, elevate personnel transfer safety risks, and restrict the utilization of sea state windows. This research proposes an integrated solution employing a Fractal Reinforcement Learning (FRL) adaptive control algorithm combined with a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) hydraulic trestle system, aiming to enhance O&M safety and efficiency. Methods Focusing on a deep-sea wind farm off Guangdong Province, the study leverages three years of sea state measurement data to develop the FRL-based adaptive compensation algorithm. This approach synthesizes wave fractal self-similarity with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) continuous control. A 6-DOF hydraulic trestle implementing feedforward-feedback dual-mode control and multilayered safety protocols was engineered. Six months of extensive field trials, spanning typhoon and winter seasons, were conducted to evaluate system performance through ablation studies and statistical validation, complemented by a comprehensive economic analysis. Results Under challenging sea states (wave heights: 2.5–3.5 m; wind speeds: 15–25 m/s), the system sustained compensation errors below 0.5 m with response times ranging from 0.08 to 0.09 seconds. No incidents of personnel transfer accidents occurred. The sea state window utilization rate improved to 81.0% (a 9.1-fold increase), and personnel transfer throughput reached 31 individuals per day (a 3.4-fold uplift). The five-year static ROI was calculated at 338.1%, with a payback period of less than one year (0.98 years). Statistical T-tests on ablation results confirmed that both the fractal interpolation module and reinforcement learning components significantly enhanced compensation precision. Conclusions The framework facilitates comprehensive integration of algorithmic accuracy, system dependability, and economic viability, culminating in a cohesive "algorithm-system-verification-performance" architecture. It employs a closed-loop optimization mechanism leveraging fractal interpolation, reinforcement learning, and dual-mode control combining feedforward and feedback strategies. Validated through a six-month offshore typhoon season field trial and five years of quantitative assessment, it offers robust technical support for remote offshore and deep-sea wind power operations and maintenance. Additionally, it provides a standardized reference model for complex marine engineering applications, such as adaptive control of marine equipment, presenting a scalable design approach and validation methodology.

     

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