水声隐身目标探测关键技术与发展趋势

Research advances and development trend of acoustic stealth target detection

  • 摘要: 随着水下目标声隐身能力的提升与复杂海洋环境中声传播特性异常现象加剧,水声探测技术面临着严峻挑战。依赖于水下目标自身辐射噪声的被动声呐,虽具备隐蔽性优势,但对“安静型”目标的探测范围急剧下降;主动声呐通过主动发射声波实现水下目标探测,探测范围较大,但受限于混响干扰、探测盲区,且面临自身暴露风险。本文结合潜艇隐身降噪技术的发展趋势,系统阐述主/被动声呐探测关键技术发展及存在的问题。结合主动多基地探测与分布式被动接收网络,构建主被动联合探测系统。提出“日常警戒-关键探测”分阶段主被动联合探测策略,重点论述主被动联合探测的协同架构和实现方法。本文旨在为水下探测系统的多模态协同设计提供理论支撑与技术参考,推动水声探测技术向高效、智能、可持续方向演进。

     

    Abstract: Underwater target detection is facing severe challenges from the improvement of the acoustic stealth capability of targets and the abnormal phenomenon of sound propagation in complex ocean waveguide. Passive sonar that relies on the self-radiated noise of targets, although having concealment, has a sharp decrease in the detection range for “quiet” targets. Active sonar completing target detection by actively emitting sound waves has a large detection range, but is limited by reverberation interference, detection blind areas, and at risk of exposure. This paper expounds the development of key technologies for active/passive sonar detection and the existing problems, combinations with the development trend of submarine stealth noise reduction technology. An active-passive joint detection system is constructed by combining active multi-base detection and distributed passive receiving networks. The “daily alert-critical detection” active and passive joint detection strategy is proposed, and the collaborative architecture and implementation methods of active and passive joint detection are discussed. The paper aims to provide theoretical and technical reference for the multimodal collaborative design of underwater detection systems, and promote the evolution of underwater acoustic detection technology towards high efficiency, intelligence and sustainability.

     

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