基于深度学习的无人帆船“帆—舵”联合航路点跟踪控制

Deep learning-based “sail-rudder” joint waypoint tracking control for unmanned sailing vessels

  • 摘要: 【目的】为了解决无人帆船航路点跟踪任务中,传统“帆—舵”分离式控制所产生的控制通道互相干扰、控制保守性强的难题,提出一种基于深度学习的无人帆船航路点跟踪“帆—舵”联合模型预测控制方法。【方法】首先,建立无人帆船运动数学模型并分析风帆的受力情况;随后,采用非线性状态空间离散化方法构建预测模型,通过深度神经网络对预测模型进行在线辨识,并采用多步预测和输出反馈矫正技术提高状态预测精度;接着,构建复合目标函数,融合跟踪误差指标和船速指标,通过交叉熵优化算法在预测时域内求解帆角与舵角的最优控制量,有效突破执行控制器分离式设计的局限性;【结果】最后,通过PyTorch深度学习仿真平台进行试验,仿真结果表明:与传统的帆、舵分离式PID控制方法相比,本文所提出的方法在风速和风向动态变化的条件下,能够显著提升无人帆船的航路点跟踪性能,并缩短航路点跟踪任务的总体完成时间。【结论】该方法能够为无人帆船在航路点跟踪控制领域提供可靠的理论支持。

     

    Abstract: Objectives To address the challenges of traditional "sail-rudder" separated control in unmanned sailboat waypoint tracking tasks, such as mutual interference between control channels and strong conservative control, this paper proposes a deep learning-based "sail-rudder" joint model predictive control method for unmanned sailboats. Methods Firstly, the mathematical model of the unmanned sailboat's motion is established and the force conditions on the sail are analyzed. Then, a prediction model is constructed using a nonlinear state-space discretization method. The prediction model is identified online through a deep neural network, and multi-step prediction and output feedback correction techniques are employed to improve state prediction accuracy. Next, a composite objective function is formulated, integrating tracking error metrics and vessel speed metrics. Using cross-entropy optimization algorithms, the optimal control quantities for sail angle and rudder angle are solved within the prediction horizon, effectively overcoming the limitations of separated controller design. Results Finally, experiments were conducted on a PyTorch deep learning simulation platform. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional separated PID control method for sails and rudder, the proposed method can significantly enhance the waypoint tracking performance of unmanned sailboats under dynamic changes in wind speed and direction, and shorten the overall completion time of the waypoint tracking task. Conclusion This method can provide reliable theoretical support for unmanned sailing ships in the field of waypoint tracking control.

     

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