Path planning for auto docking of underactuated ships based on Bezier curve and hybrid A* search algorithm
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摘要: 针对欠驱动无人艇自动进港和靠泊问题,提出了一种基于混合A*搜索的轨迹生成算法,能够在非结构化环境下快速搜索出一条满足无人艇非完整性约束且无碰撞风险的轨迹。在此基础上,基于广义沃罗诺伊图提出曲线优化算法,使得搜索算法得到的轨迹更加平滑且远离环境障碍物,从而引导无人艇在受限水域完成进港任务。同时,针对“最后一公里”靠泊问题,引入四阶贝塞尔曲线,用于生成靠泊路径从而引导船体平稳且精准入泊。通过仿真试验,验证了该路径规划算法应用于欠驱动无人艇进港和靠泊任务的有效性和可行性。Abstract: This paper develops a multi-stage path planning algorithm for auto docking operation of underactuated surface vehicle (USV). Docking operation is one of the most difficult tasks, which requires advanced maneuvering skills. Therefore, it is necessary to generate a smooth trajectory in the berthing environment, while maintaining the accuracy of control. Our approach introduces a hybrid A* search algorithm for pre-docking stage, where the well-known A* search algorithm is combined with kinematic state space of USV using the Reed-Shepp curves. It will produce the sub-optimal paths that guarantee the kinematic feasibility and low collision risk. For the docking stage, a cubic Bezier curve is introduced to represent the target path. The generated trajectories are tested in numerical simulations, where a mathematical model for a ship with two fixed propellers is established and verified. The results show that the performance of path planning and tracking is satisfactory.
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Key words:
- Path planning /
- Auto Docking /
- Hybrid A* search algorithm /
- Bezier curve.
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