Research on unmanned sailboat trajectory tracking method based on model predictive control
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摘要: [目的] 面向无人帆船在水面、水下跨域异构海洋机器人的协同三维立体跟踪观测方面的应用,开展了无人帆船轨迹跟踪控制研究以实现与AUV的协同作业,针对“海鸥”号无人帆船,提出了基于模型预测控制(MPC)的轨迹跟踪控制方法。 [方法] 该方法通过建立无人帆船动力学模型及运动学模型,在传统帆舵分离控制的基础上进行改进,实现无人帆船“帆-舵”联合控制;通过分析无人帆船动力学特点及执行器约束条件,构建MPC目标函数及系统约束条件,将无人帆船轨迹跟踪问题转化为优化问题;利用MATLAB仿真软件,对提出的控制方法进行了仿真实验。 [结果] 仿真结果表明,所提出的无人帆船“帆-舵”联合MPC控制方法与帆舵分离的PID轨迹跟踪控制方法相比,更加便于添加约束条件,且在风向不变化及风向变化的情况下均能够更快的收敛于指定轨迹,具有更小的轨迹跟踪误差,并且能够实现逆风折线行驶。 [结论]研究成果可为无人帆船帆、舵控制提供新的思路,提高其轨迹跟踪能力,进一步为无人帆船与AUV的高效协同作业提供技术保障。Abstract: [Objective] For the application of autonomous sailboats in the collaborative 3D tracking and observation of surface and underwater cross-domain heterogeneous marine robots, researches the trajectory tracking control of autonomous sailboats to realize the collaborative control with AUV, and proposes the trajectory tracking control method based on the model of "Seagull" of Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The trajectory tracking control method based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed. [Methods] The method is based on the establishment of the dynamics model and the kinematic model of the autonomous sailboat and the improvement of the traditional sail and rudder separation control, and the joint control of the sail and rudder; the MPC objective function and the system constraints are constructed based on the actual situation of the sailboat in the ocean, and the trajectory tracking problem of the autonomous sailboat is transformed into an optimization problem; the MATLAB simulation software is used to simulate the control algorithm. [Results]The simulation results show that the proposed MPC-based autonomous sailboat trajectory tracking control algorithm is easier to add constraints than the original PID control method of sail and rudder separation, and the error magnitude is smaller than that of the original PID control in both wind directions and wind direction changes, and it can converge to the specified trajectory faster and achieve upwind folding. [Conclusion] The research results can provide a reference for the cooperative control of autonomous sailboats and AUVs.
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Key words:
- autonomous sailboats /
- track tracking /
- MPC /
- joint sail and rudder control /
- MATLAB
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