Experimental study on load and damage characteristics of typical cabin under warhead internal blast
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摘要:
目的 探讨有/无防护舱壁结构对典型舱室在战斗部内爆下载荷及毁伤特性的影响，指导舰船重要舱室的防护设计。 方法 设计典型的双舱结构模型，以大舱室模拟爆炸当舱，小舱室模拟重要舱室，开展常规钢制舱壁与多层含液防护舱壁这2种舱室结构在6.12 kg TNT带壳装药内爆作用下的载荷及毁伤对比试验，分析破片及冲击波载荷特性，以及结构破口及变形毁伤特征。 结果 结果显示，柱锥形战斗部前端产生的破片的飞散角基本一致，且前端的破片数量少于环向破片数量；爆炸冲击波有明显的角隅汇聚特点，冲击波能量会随结构的强弱发生流向改变，整体能量更易向结构较薄弱处倾泻；在冲击波和破片的联合毁伤下，常规钢制横舱壁中心会产生大破口，而多层含液防护舱壁则仅迎弹面有较大的塑性变形及少量破片穿孔，背弹面结构完整；多层含液防护舱壁能有效阻止爆炸能量传递至邻舱，但会加剧爆炸当舱的结构毁伤。 结论 “疏堵”（舱壁加强或减弱）防护设计方法在舰船重要舱室防护中具有重要的实用价值。 Abstract:Objective This study seeks to explore the effects of a protective bulkhead structure on the load and damage characteristics of a typical cabin under warhead internal blast, and guide protective bulkhead design for important ship cabins. Method A typical double cabin structure model is designed in which the large cabin is used to simulate the explosion cabin, while the small cabin is used to simulate the important cabin. A comparative study is then carried out on the load and damage characteristics of the original bulkhead model and multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkhead model under an internal explosion of 6.12 kg TNT, and an analysis is made of the load characteristics of fragments, shockwaves, structural crevasses, deformation damage characteristics. Results The fragment flying angle produced by the front end of the warhead is basically the same, and there are fewer fragments at the front end than in the circumferential direction. The presence or absence of a protective bulkhead has little effect on the fragment load characteristics. The explosion shockwave has obvious corner convergence characteristics. The shockwave energy changes with the strength of the structure, and it is easier for the overall energy to pour into the weak parts of the structure. Under the combined damage of shockwave and fragments, the center of the conventional steel transverse bulkhead suffers a large break, while the multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkhead only suffers large plastic deformation on the projectile-facing surface and perforation by a small number of fragments, with the structure of the projectile backing surface remaining complete. Multi-layer liquid-containing protective bulkheads can effectively prevent the transmission of explosive energy to the adjacent cabin, but they will aggravate the structural damage of the explosion cabin. Conclusion The "evacuating and blocking" protection design method has important practical application value for the protection of important ship cabins. -
Key words:
- internal blast /
- protective bulkhead /
- shockwave /
- fragments /
- structural damage
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图 10 2种工况下的速度靶网数据曲线
Figure 10. Signal of velocity targets under two working conditions
图 11 两次工况下各测点的冲击波压力时历曲线
Figure 11. Time history curves of shock wave pressure of each measurement point under two working conditions
图 14 2种工况试验后的横舱壁毁伤情况
Figure 14. Damage of transverse bulkhead after test under two working conditions
表 1 模型金属材料主要力学性能
Table 1. Main mechanical properties of model metallic materials
参数 E36钢 6061铝合金 40Cr 密度ρ/(kg∙m−3) 7 850 2 750 7 820 屈服强度σ0 /MPa 355 224 316 抗拉强度σs /MPa 490～630 250 972 伸长率δs /% 21 12 11.4 弹性模量Es /GPa 210 64.2 210 
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表 2 模型非金属材料（SiC陶瓷）主要力学性能
Table 2. Main mechanical properties of model nonmetallic materials (SiC ceramics)
参数 数值 密度/(kg∙m−3) 3130 洛氏硬度HRA 93 弯曲强度/MPa 400 断裂韧性/(MPa∙m1/2) 4.0 SiC含量/% ≥98 弹性模量/GPa 415
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表 3 穿透舱壁破片数量试验结果统计
Table 3. Experimental results of number of fragments penetrating bulkhead
舱壁 破片数量 工况1 工况2 后舱壁 9 7 横舱壁 8 0 左舱壁 48 55 右舱壁 67 62 顶舱壁 68 84 底舱壁 48 61 总计 244 269
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表 4 爆炸当舱围壁最大挠度变形量试验结果统计
Table 4. Statistics of maximum deflection deformation of explosion cabin bulkhead
舱壁 最大挠度变形/m 工况1 工况2 左舱壁 0.162 0.144 右舱壁 0.170 0.139 顶舱壁 0.426 1.310 底舱壁 0.107 0.095
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