Verification of chlorine production through seawater electrolysis using ion-exchange membrane electrolytic bath
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摘要:
目的 针对现有海洋防污技术存在的问题，设计一种用于防污的离子交换膜电解槽电解海水制氯系统，以研究该电解槽在不同电解条件下的电解规律及效率。 方法 首先，探究稀盐水温度、盐浓度、电流密度和停留时间等因素对电解过程的影响；然后，在上述基础上，采用Minitab软件以比能量消耗率为考核指标，优化电解参数；最后，通过实海试验对海水预处理和电解工艺进行验证。 结果 验证结果表明：电流密度和停留时间的最佳参数分别为3 000 A/m2及46 s；电流效率超过80%，槽压小于6 V；电解后的阴阳两极和离子膜表面干净。 结论 结果表明所设计的系统适合用于电解海水制氯防污。 Abstract:Objective To prevent the marine biofouling adhesion and corrosion of ship hulls and pipes, a system is designed which produces chlorine through seawater electrolysis using an ion-exchange membrane electrolytic bath. Thereby, the law and efficency of the electrolytic bath under different conditions is studied. Methods First, the effects of brine temperature, brine concentration, current density and time of brine resided in the bath on the efficiency of the electrolysis process are investigated. Minitab software is then used to optimize the parameters of the electrolysis process using the specific energy consumption rate as the evaluation index. Finally, the seawater pretreatment process and electrolysis process are verified on site under real sea conditions. Results The current density and residence time of the electrolysis parameters were reasonably controlled at 3 000 A/m2 and 46 s respectively, in this case, the current efficiency was higher than 80%, the cell voltage was lower than 6 V, and the surfaces of the anodes, cathodes and ion-exchange membranes after electrolysis were clean. Conclusion The practical tests show that this system can produce chlorine for anti-fouling. -
图 4 电解海水制氯系统工艺流程
Figure 4. Process of chlorine production system through seawater electrolysis
图 13 影响海水电解因素之间的交互效应
Figure 13. Interaction effect between two influence factors on seawater electrolysis
图 14 不同海水盐浓度下的停留时间和电流密度等值线图
Figure 14. Contours of residence time and current density under different brine concentrations of seawater
图 15 不同海水盐浓度下的停留时间和电流密度曲面图
Figure 15. Surface diagrams of residence time and current density under different brine concentrations of seawater
图 16 电流效率和槽压随电解时间的变化
Figure 16. Variation of current efficiency and cell voltage with time
表 1 2%海水盐浓度的试验结果
Table 1. Experimental results on the 2% brine concentration of seawater
试验次数 影响因素 试验结果 T/ ℃ A/（A·m−2） S/s ${E_{\text{C}}}$/V $ \eta $/% $\omega $/(kW·h·t−1) 1 30 3 000 38 3.9 75.4 3911.6 2 40 3 000 38 3.8 87.0 3 303.0 3 30 3 500 38 4.0 70.7 4 276.4 4 40 3 500 38 3.9 78.0 3 779.4 5 30 3 000 46 4.1 76.9 4 027.8 6 40 3 000 46 3.8 87.7 3 273.3 7 30 3 500 46 4.2 75.1 4 227.0 8 40 3 500 46 3.9 82.1 3 590.6 
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表 2 3%海水盐浓度的试验结果
Table 2. Experimental results on the 3% brine concentration of seawater
试验次数 影响因素 试验结果 T/ ℃ A/（A·m−2） S/s ${E_{\text{C}}}$/V $ \eta $/% $\omega $/(kW·h·t−1) 1 30 3 000 38 3.6 81.1 3 263.2 2 40 3 000 38 3.5 89.4 2 957.2 3 30 3 500 38 3.7 76.6 3 650.7 4 40 3 500 38 3.7 83.9 3 333.3 5 30 3 000 46 3.5 81.7 3 329.2 6 40 3 000 46 3.5 90.9 2 911.6 7 30 3 500 46 3.7 80.7 3 465.1 8 40 3 500 46 3.6 84.8 3 208.8
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表 3 海水预处理前后离子含量测试结果
Table 3. Test results of ion content before and after seawater pretreatment
离子质量分数/10−6 Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− SO42− NO3− 预处理前 256.4 808.4 15 974.25 3 818.49 387.52 预处理后 23.99 57.16 15 911.53 218.10 294.44
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表 4 预处理后的离子交换膜电解槽水质要求对比
Table 4. Comparion of seawater quality requirements for ion-exchange membrane electrolytic bath
指标 预处理后海水 进水水质要求 Ca2+，Mg2+总质量分数/10−6 81.15 ≤100 NaCl质量分数/% 2.63 2~5 浊度/(NTU) 0.08 ≤0.1
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