载重轮胎的轮印载荷分布特性试验研究

何市伟; 刘晖; 张梗林; 王德禹

doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02121

载重轮胎的轮印载荷分布特性试验研究

doi: 10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.02121

何市伟^{1, 2,},
刘晖³,
张梗林³,
王德禹^{1, 2, ,}

1.
上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室，上海 200240
2.
上海交通大学海洋装备研究院，上海 200240
3.
中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院，上海 200011

详细信息

作者简介:
何市伟，男，1995年生，硕士生。研究方向：船舶与海洋结构强度与轮印载荷分布特性研究。E-mail：xuanqing@alumni.sjtu.edu.cn

刘晖，男，1986年生，硕士，工程师

张梗林，男，1986年生，硕士，工程师

王德禹，男，1963年生，教授，博士生导师。研究方向：船舶与海洋工程结构力学，结构优化设计与可靠性分析，结构极限强度与试验技术研究。E-mail：dywang@sjtu.edu.cn

通信作者:
王德禹

中图分类号: U661.43
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-21
- 修回日期: 2020-12-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-10

Experimental study on wheel load distribution characteristics of truck tires

Shiwei HE^{1, 2
,},
Hui LIU³,
Genglin ZHANG³,
Deyu WANG^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.
Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3.
Marine Design and Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200011, China

载重轮胎的轮印载荷分布特性试验研究由何市伟，等创作，采用知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议进行许可。

摘要

摘要: 目的旨在探究轮印载荷在加筋板上的分布特性。方法首先开展不同载荷工况下的加筋板轮压试验，获取载重轮胎与铝合金加筋板的接触面积和接触压力的变化形式，总结轮印载荷的基本分布规律。其次，通过试验数据和结果分析提出轮印载荷分布特性的二次多项式表达形式，并给出不同载荷下多项式参数的确定方法。最后，对比分析加筋板数值仿真与试验的应力响应结果。结果获得了载重轮胎在甲板上的载荷分布规律和表达方法。验证了所提轮印载荷分布形式的合理性。结论研究有助于对轮印载荷分布特性的理解，并对工程实际应用具有一定的参考意义。
- 轮印载荷 /
- 载重轮胎 /
- 分布特性 /
- 加筋板
Abstract: Objectives This paper seeks to obtain the wheel load distribution characteristics of a truck tire on a stiffener plate. Methods First, stiffener plate experiments are carried out under wheel pressure with different axle load cases; the contact area and contact pressure changes between the tire and aluminum alloy stiffened plate are obtained; and the basic distribution law of wheel load is summarized in combination with the relevant literature. Second, based on the experimental results, a second-order polynomial hypothesis for wheel load distribution characteristics is given, and the parameters in the polynomial under different axle load cases are determined according to the experimental data. Finally, the stress response of the aluminum alloy stiffener plate is compared with a combination of numerical simulation and experimental results. Results The load distribution characteristics of a truck tire on a stiffener plate and the expressional method are obtained, and the rationality of the proposed wheel load distribution characteristics is proven. Conclusion The study of wheel load in this article is helpful for understanding the characteristics of wheel load distribution on stiffener plates, and provides certain references for engineering applications.
- wheel load /
- truck tire /
- distribution characteristic /
- stiffener plate

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图 1 模型结构示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of model structure

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图 2 压力测点和位移计布置

Figure 2. Layout of pressure measuring points and displacement points

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图 3 试验结构总装和加载位置

Figure 3. Experiment assembly and loading position

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图 4 铝合金材料的应力–应变曲线

Figure 4. Tensile curve of aluminum alloy material

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图 5 施加2~5 t载荷时的轮印

Figure 5. Tire footprints with 2-5 t load

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图 6 轮印转化方法示意图

Figure 6. Convert method of tire footprint

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图 7 3种压力曲面示意图

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of three pressure surfaces

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图 8 参数依赖点示意图

Figure 8. Parameter relative points

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图 9 载荷5 t时压力分布曲面

Figure 9. Pressure distribution under 5 t load case

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图 10 有限元模型及载荷边界情况

Figure 10. FEM model and load boundary conditions

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图 11 应力截面位置示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the stress section positions

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图 12 不同载荷下模型应力分布云图

Figure 12. Mises stress contours of model under different load cases

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图 13 载荷2 t时各截面仿真与试验应力对比

Figure 13. Comparison of simulation and test stress of each section with 2 t load

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图 14 载荷3 t时各截面仿真与试验应力对比

Figure 14. Comparison of simulation and test stresses of each section with 3 t load

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图 15 载荷4 t时各截面仿真与试验应力对比

Figure 15. Comparison of simulation and test stress of each section with 4 t load

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图 16 载荷5 t时各截面仿真与试验应力对比

Figure 16. Comparison of simulation and test stress of each section with 5 t load

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图 17 位移−载荷曲线仿真与试验结果对比

Figure 17. Comparison of simulation and test displacement with load

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表 1 工况表

Table 1. Load cases

	工况1	工况2	工况3	工况4
载荷/t	2	3	4	5

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表 2 轮印面积、尺寸与载荷的关系

Table 2. Relationship between tire footprint area, size and load

载荷 W/t	轮印面积 S/m²	有效面积 λS/m²	矩形轮印尺寸(2B′×2L′)/m²	有效矩形轮印尺寸(2B×2L)/m²
2	0.0360	0.023 04	0.27×0.133	0.216×0.107
3	0.0449	0.028 74	0.27×0.166	0.216×0.133
4	0.0540	0.034 56	0.27×0.200	0.216×0.160
5	0.0648	0.041 47	0.27×0.240	0.216×0.192

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表 3 不同载荷下各压力测点试验数据结果

Table 3. Testing results of each pressure point under different load cases

载荷W/t	压力/MPa
载荷W/t	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点5	测点6	测点7	测点8
2	2.010	1.439	1.092	0.321	0.485	0.285	0.748	0.765
3	2.114	1.552	1.170	0.356	0.532	0.389	0.904	0.840
4	2.219	1.804	1.200	0.39	0.485	0.496	1.044	0.853
5	2.334	1.978	1.261	0.373	0.565	0.567	1.217	0.899

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表 4 不同载荷下各压力测点修正数据结果

Table 4. Modified results of each pressure point under different load cases

载荷W/t	压力/MPa
载荷W/t	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点5	测点6	测点7	测点8
2	0.77	1.09	0.79	0.32	0.79	0.77	1.09	0.77
3	1.25	1.23	0.87	0.36	0.83	1.25	1.23	0.84
4	1.36	1.42	0.90	0.39	0.85	1.36	1.42	0.85
5	1.45	1.60	0.96	0.37	0.87	1.45	1.60	0.90

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表 5 不同载荷下各应变测点转换的Mises应力

Table 5. Mises stress of each strain point under different load cases

载荷W/t	Mises压力/MPa
载荷W/t	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点5	测点6	测点7	测点8	测点9
2	13.01	16.57	12.67	48.68	149.35	45.24	8.14	6.75	7.47
3	18.50	22.94	17.94	68.30	168.00	63.96	7.75	3.28	5.85
4	23.53	28.42	22.76	91.83	168.00	87.44	6.22	9.99	4.37
5	28.26	33.34	27.23	119.82	168.00	114.77	5.94	17.59	7.92

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表 6 不同载荷下测点7，8，9的试验应变

Table 6. Tested strain data of measuring points 7, 8, 9 under different load cases

载荷/t	测点7试验应变/μm			测点8试验应变/μm			测点9试验应变/μm
载荷/t	0°	45°	90°	0°	45°	90°	0°	45°	90°
2	−79.77	−47.70	−68.77	−72.36	−70.82	−55.33	−69.48	−90.35	−68.47
3	−50.06	−65.89	−93.07	23.19	−18.09	−43.14	−26.99	−47.28	−76.18
4	−6.48	−68.05	−83.31	142.19	42.51	−48.90	35.19	27.11	−40.12
5	39.96	−51.74	−51.81	255.11	99.75	−56.80	96.03	95.76	2.17

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表 7 不同载荷下位移测点结果

Table 7. Displacement results under different load cases

	载荷W/t
	2	3	4	5
位移/mm	2.63	3.56	4.34	5.07

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表 8 各载荷对应参数

Table 8. Parameters for each load case

载荷/t	a	b	c
2	38.984	158.863	0.562
3	44.210	116.607	0.701
4	56.491	102.955	0.718
5	64.274	81.347	0.706

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表 9 不同载荷下压力误差分析

Table 9. Error analysis of pressure under different load cases

载荷	压力值及误差	测点1	测点2	测点3	测点4	测点5	测点6	测点7	测点8
W=2 t	试验值/MPa	0.77	1.09	0.79	0.32	0.79	0.77	1.09	0.77
	计算值/MPa	0.94	1.19	0.59	0.56	0.59	1.09	1.03	0.66
	误差/%	22.1	9.2	−25.3	75	−25.3	41.6	−5.5	−14.3
	平均误差/%	3.8
W=3 t	试验值/MPa	1.25	1.23	0.87	0.36	0.83	1.25	1.23	0.84
	计算值/MPa	1.06	1.24	0.74	0.7	0.74	1.18	1.09	0.77
	误差/%	−15.2	0.8	−14.9	94.4	−10.8	−5.6	−11.4	−8.3
	平均误差/%	4.1
W=4 t	试验值/MPa	1.36	1.42	0.9	0.39	0.85	1.36	1.42	0.85
	计算值/MPa	1.13	1.29	0.76	0.72	0.76	1.25	1.12	0.78
	误差/%	−16.9	−9.2	−15.6	84.6	−10.6	−8.1	−21.1	−8.2
	平均误差/%	8.4
W=5 t	试验值/MPa	1.45	1.6	0.96	0.37	0.87	1.45	1.6	0.9
	计算值/MPa	1.14	1.27	0.76	0.71	0.76	1.26	1.08	0.75
	误差/%	−21.4	−20.6	−20.8	91.9	−12.6	−13.1	−32.5	−16.7
	平均误差/%	15.7

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