Modeling method of steam turbine generator set based on cascade feedforward PID coordinated control system
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摘要:
目的 为准确而快速地评估汽轮发电机组在实际工况中的可靠性，需要构建汽轮发电机组的可视化模型。 方法 通过对传统汽轮机发电机组数学模型的分析，提出采用串级PID方法，并加入前馈环节，然后基于Matlab的Simulink仿真环境，搭建优化控制的汽轮机发电机组可视化模型，并借助模拟故障模块对汽轮机发电机组的稳态、故障状态进行仿真分析。 结果 仿真结果表明，基于串级前馈PID协调控制的汽轮发电机组在带载启动时转速输出会短暂高于给定转速，但在控制反馈的作用下很快又会恢复稳定值，且在故障情况下还能使转速在给定范围内波动。 结论 基于串级前馈PID协调控制系统的汽轮发电机组的建模方法，可以在核能−汽轮机推进系统建模方面进行推广，能为机组运行状态的可视化分析提供分析手段，从而节约成本与时间。 -
关键词:
- 汽轮机 /
- 串级PID /
- 协调控制 /
- simulink仿真
Abstract:Objective In order to quickly and accurately evaluate the reliability of a steam turbine generator set under actual working conditions, it is necessary to construct a visual model of the set. Method Based on an analysis of a mathematical model of a traditional steam turbine generator set, a cascade PID method is proposed and a feedforward link added. Then, based on a Matlab Simulink environment, a visual model of the optimized control of a steam turbine generator set is built, and the steady state and fault state of the set are simulated and analyzed with the help of the simulated fault module. Results The simulation results show that the output speed of the steam turbine generator set based on cascade feedforward PID coordinated control is higher than the given speed for a short time when starting under load, but the stable value is quickly restored under the action of the control feedback. In the case of failure, the rotation speed can also fluctuate within a given range. Conclusion This modeling method of a steam turbine generator set based on a cascade feedforward PID coordinated control system can be popularized in the modeling of nuclear turbine propulsion systems, providing an analytical means of achieving the visual analysis of the unit's operation state, and saving both cost and time. -
Key words:
- steam turbine /
- cascade PID /
- coordinated control /
- simulink simulation
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图 4 电液转换器机械结构示意图
Figure 4. Mechanical structure diagram of electro-hydraulic converter
图 5 基于传递函数的力矩马达控制框图
Figure 5. Block diagram of closed-loop transfer function of torque motor
图 11 汽轮机组稳态运行仿真结果
Figure 11. Simulation results of steady-state operation of steam turbine unit
图 12 汽轮机组突加负载时的仿真结果
Figure 12. Simulation results of sudden load on the steam turbine unit
图 13 前馈控制与传统PID对比
Figure 13. Comparison between feedforward control and traditional PID
表 1 汽轮发电机组关键性仿真参数
Table 1. Key simulation parameters of steam turbine generator set
参数 数值 电液转换器时间常数 τe /s 0.03 油动机时间常数 τs /s 0.084 进汽容积时间常数 τρ /s 0.3 高压缸所占功率比 α1 1/3 再热器容积时间常数 τRH /s 8 机组自平衡系数 β 1 转子的飞升时间常数 τα /s 6.2 发电机功率 Pn /W 25×106 发电机电压 Vn /V 10×103 发电机频率 fn /Hz 50 励磁系统初始电压 Vt0 /V 0 
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