Analysis on ice resistance and ice response of ships sailing in brash ice

  Objectives  In order to explore the interaction between a hull and crushed ice,

  Methods  a discrete element model is combined with Euler multiphase flow. The force of a hull under different speeds and different ice levels is calculated, and the motion response of ice during ship-ice interaction discussed. The reasons for ice resistance and movement change are explained intuitively.

  Results  The ice resistance of the hull is obtained, mainly due to the friction and collision of the crushed ice and hull surface, which increases with the increase of the speed, but when the speed increases to a certain value, the crushing resistance no longer increases and even reduces the trend.

  Conclusions  This provides a reference for the optimization of ship type for ice zones, as well as propeller design.